设计输出怎么做，设计输出的目的有哪些？

输出设计目的

信息系统的输出用于向系统用户呈现信息，用户所需要的各种管理业务和经营决策等方面的信息都是由系统的输出部分完成的。同时，输出是信息系统中最可见的部分，用户往往通过输出来了解系统的面貌，因此，输出通常是作为管理层和用户最终评估系统价值的基础。

信息系统输出设计的目的是使系统能够正确及时地输出用户需要的各种有用信息，保证系统输出的信息能够方便地为用户所使用，能够为用户的管理活动提供有效的信息服务。信息能否满足用户需要，直接关系到系统的使用效果和系统的成功与否。

系统输出分为中间输出和最终输出两类。中间输出是指子系统对主系统或另一个子系统之间的数据传送，而最终输出则是指通过终端设备（如显示器屏幕、打印机等）向管理者输出的一类信息。

输出设计原则：

原则1：输出应该易于阅读和理解。

每个输出应该有一个标题。

每个输出应该有日期和时间戳，有助于读者掌握信息的时效性。

报告或屏幕应该包括分段信息的节和标题。

基于表格的输出，所有字段清晰标上标签。

有时由于空间限制需要对节标题、字段名称和列标题采用缩写形式，最好能够提供这些标题的图例。

只打印或显示需要的信息。

在报告或者显示屏上，信息应该均匀分布，同时整个输出应该留有充分的边缘与空格，提高可读性。

信息应该易于导航和查找，使用户能够方便地找到输出，方便地在报告中前移或者后移，以及输出报告。

避免计算机行话和错误消息。

原则2：按时提供输出。

由于输出信息具有时效性，因此输出信息必须在事务或者决策需要信息时到达接受者。

原则3：制作对用户有意义的输出

输出信息需要采用用户可以接受的方式呈现，同时，输出应该具有明确的目的，为用户输出有意义的信息。如果输出对于用户而言没有用处，就不应该创建这一输出，因为系统的所有输出都有相关的时间和资源的代价。因此，在信息需求确定阶段就应该查明信息系统的用途是什么，然后根据这些需求设计输出。

原则4：选择有效的输出方法

信息系统输出设计就是从信息输出角度，通过对输出内容、输出格式、输出设备与介质等方面的分析研究，确定可行的输出设计方案。按照输出设备划分为屏幕输出和打印输出两种形式，屏幕输出通过屏幕界面的方式来组织。按照输出格式划分可分为文本输出、图表输出、图形图像输出和音频输出等形式。

输出方式选择

信息系统的输出方式有屏幕显示输出、打印机打印输出、文件输出、绘图输出等，最为广泛使用的输出方式是屏幕显示和打印机打印。

（1）屏幕显示输出。

用界面对话的方式在显示屏上输出信息，这种方式常常用在查询和检索系统。屏幕显示输出具有速度快、无噪音等特点，用户可通过点击功能按钮、输入组合条件等方式让系统显示信息。这种输出方式的优点是实时性强，但输出的信息不能保存。通常在功能选择、查询、检索信息时，采用屏幕输出方式。

（2）打印机打印输出

当输出信息需要长期保存或在较广泛的范围内传递时，一般将信息打印输出，例如报表、发票的输出等。常用输出设备有显示终端、打印机、磁带机、绘图仪、多媒体设备等，常见输出介质有纸张、磁盘、磁带、光盘、多媒体介质等。设计时应考虑这些设备和介质的特点，结合用户的要求及资金等情况进行选择。

output design purpose

The output of the information system is used to present information to the users of the system, and all kinds of information needed by users in terms of management business and business decision-making are completed by the output part of the system. At the same time, the output is the most visible part of the information system, and users often understand the appearance of the system through the output. Therefore, the output is usually the basis for the management and users to finally evaluate the value of the system.

The purpose of information system output design is to enable the system to correctly and timely output various useful information required by users, to ensure that the information output by the system can be easily used by users, and to provide effective information services for users’ management activities. Whether the information can meet the needs of users is directly related to the use effect of the system and the success of the system.

The system output is divided into two categories: intermediate output and final output. Intermediate output refers to the data transfer between subsystems to the main system or another subsystem, while final output refers to a type of information output to the administrator through terminal equipment (such as monitor screens, printers, etc.).

Output design principles:

Principle 1: The output should be easy to read and understand.

Each output should have a header.

Each output should have a date and time stamp to help readers keep the information current.

The report or screen should include sections and titles for segmented information.

Table based output with all fields clearly labelled.

Section headings, field names, and column headings are sometimes abbreviated due to space constraints, and it is best to provide a legend for these headings.

Only print or display the required information.

On a report or display, information should be evenly distributed, and there should be sufficient margins and spaces throughout the output to improve readability.

Information should be easy to navigate and find, enabling users to easily find output, move forward or backward in the report, and output the report easily.

Avoid computer jargon and error messages.

Output design principles:

Principle 2: Provide output on time.

Because the output information is time-sensitive, the output information must reach the recipient when the transaction or decision requires the information.

Principle 3: Produce output that is meaningful to the user

The output information needs to be presented in a way that is acceptable to the user, and at the same time, the output should have a clear purpose and output meaningful information for the user. If an output is not useful to the user, it should not be created because all outputs of the system have associated time and resource costs. Therefore, in the information needs determination stage, it is necessary to find out what the purpose of the information system is, and then design the output according to these needs.

Principle 4: Choose an Effective Output Method

Information system output design is to determine a feasible output design scheme from the perspective of information output, through the analysis and research of output content, output format, output equipment and media. According to the output device, it is divided into two forms: screen output and print output, and the screen output is organized by the way of screen interface. According to the output format, it can be divided into text output, chart output, graphic image output and audio output.

output mode selection

The output methods of the information system include screen display output, printer print output, file output, drawing output, etc. The most widely used output methods are screen display and printer printing.

(1) The screen displays the output.

Output information on the display screen in the form of interface dialogue, which is often used in query and retrieval systems. The screen display output has the characteristics of fast speed and no noise. Users can let the system display information by clicking function buttons and inputting combination conditions. The advantage of this output method is that it is real-time, but the output information cannot be saved. Usually in the function selection, query, retrieval of information, the screen output method is used.

(2) Printer printout

When the output information needs to be stored for a long time or transmitted in a wider range, the information is generally printed out, such as the output of reports and invoices. Common output devices include display terminals, printers, tape drives, plotters, and multimedia devices. Common output media include paper, magnetic disks, magnetic tapes, CDs, and multimedia media. The characteristics of these devices and media should be considered in the design, and the selection should be made according to the user’s requirements and funds.

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